Showing posts with label drug metabolism reviews. Show all posts
Drug Interactions between Nine Antifungal Agents and Drugs Metabolized by Human Cytochromes P450
Tuesday, 7 April 2015
Posted by Unknown
This article reviews in vitro metabolic and in vivo pharmacokinetic drug–drug interactions of nine antifungal agents: six azoles (fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, miconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole) and three echinocandins (anidulafungin, caspofungin, and micafungin). In in vitro interaction studies, itraconazole, ketoconazole, and miconazole were found to have higher inhibitory effects on cytochrome P450 (P450 or CYP) 3A4 and 3A5 activities than the other azoles or echinocandins did. Fluconazole, itraconazole, and voriconazole were relatively less potent inhibitors of CYP3A5 than of CYP3A4. The inhibitory effects of fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, and voriconazole against CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 seemed to be correlated with their dissociation constants for CYP51 (lanosterol 14α-demethylase) from Candida albicans.
In in vivo pharmacokinetic studies, itraconazole was found to be a potent clinically important inhibitor of CYP3A4/5 substrates, and fluconazole and voriconazole increased the blood/plasma concentrations of not only CYP3A4/5 substrates but also CYP2C9 substrates. Miconazole was a potent inhibitor of all P450s investigated in vitro, although there are few detailed studies on the clinical significance of this except for CYP2C9. For the echinocandins, no marked inhibition of P450 activities, except for some inhibition of CYP3A4/5 activity, was observed in vitro. The blood/plasma concentrations of concomitant drug metabolism reviews were not markedly affected by coadministration of echinocandins in vivo, suggesting that echinocandins do not cause clinically significant interactions with drugs that are metabolized by P450s via the inhibition of metabolism. The differential effects of these antifungal agents on P450 activities must be considered when clinicians select antifungal agents for patients also receiving other drugs.
For a complete list, click on Bentham Science Publishers’ Journals Impacting Science
In in vivo pharmacokinetic studies, itraconazole was found to be a potent clinically important inhibitor of CYP3A4/5 substrates, and fluconazole and voriconazole increased the blood/plasma concentrations of not only CYP3A4/5 substrates but also CYP2C9 substrates. Miconazole was a potent inhibitor of all P450s investigated in vitro, although there are few detailed studies on the clinical significance of this except for CYP2C9. For the echinocandins, no marked inhibition of P450 activities, except for some inhibition of CYP3A4/5 activity, was observed in vitro. The blood/plasma concentrations of concomitant drug metabolism reviews were not markedly affected by coadministration of echinocandins in vivo, suggesting that echinocandins do not cause clinically significant interactions with drugs that are metabolized by P450s via the inhibition of metabolism. The differential effects of these antifungal agents on P450 activities must be considered when clinicians select antifungal agents for patients also receiving other drugs.
For a complete list, click on Bentham Science Publishers’ Journals Impacting Science
Drug metabolism also noted as xenobiotic metabolism is
the biochemical alteration of pharmaceutical substances or xenobiotics respectively by living organisms, usually through advanced enzymatic systems. Drug metabolism
often convertslipophilic chemical compounds into more readilyexcretedhydrophilic items. The rate of metabolism
determines the duration and intensity of a drug's pharmacological action.
Established in 1972, drug metabolism reviews is an academic journal that publishes review articles on all facets of drug metabolism investigation. It is the
official journal of the International Society for the Study of Xenobiotics
Current Drug Metabolism works towards to cover all the fresh and outstanding evolutions in
drug metabolism and disposition. This journal provides as an international
forum for the publication of timely reviews and guest edited issues in drug
metabolism. Recent Drug Metabolism is a crucialjournal for academic, clinical, management
and medicinal scientists who wish to be kept
knowledgeable andupdated with the new and most exclusivecreating. The periodical
envelops the following areas:
In vitro systems involving CYP-450; enzyme induction
and inhibition; drug-drug interactions and enzyme kinetics; pharmacokinetics,
toxicokinetics, species scaling and extrapolations; P-glycoprotein and
transport carriers; target organ toxicity and inter individual variability; drug
metabolism and disposition studies; extrahepatic metabolism; phase I and phase
II metabolism; bioactivation, recent developments for the identification of
drug metabolites, adducts and preclinical and clinical summaries of marketed
drugs.
For a complete list, click on Bentham Science Publishers’ Journals Impacting Science