Showing posts with label Drug Discovery. Show all posts
Any new medication treating a specific sickness is not
discovered and delivered overnight, the normal aggregate time for drug
discovery and clinical improvement is around 14 years as when managing any new
medication or chemicals the methodology needs to be intensive and guaranteed
that two vital perspectives are watching: How protected the medication is and
how successful it is at battling an ailment.
Viability
Creating any new medication disclosures will require top to
bottom examination of the ailment and additionally the cosmetics of our bodies
to figure out which proteins are influenced by the disease or even cause the
sickness to happen. The way that these proteins connect with each other can
regularly help achieve an understanding of the ailment and how our bodies
manage them.
When a disclosure has been made that influences or battles
the ailment then refinements will be made to securely expand the Drug Discovery viability in treating the sick. This will mean a harmony between making the
medication sufficiently forceful to treat the ailment rapidly additionally
verify it stays alright for utilization and doesn't create any symptoms.
For a complete list, click on Bentham Science Publishers’ Journals Impacting Science
The drug discovery is one of the major players involved in
the development of the field of Bioinformatics. Many pharmaceutical companies
have internal teams conducting Bioinformatics research. The pharmaceutical
industry plays a major role in the world economy. The main purpose is to
produce the next major drug. Most drugs are small molecules that are designed
to bind, interact, and modulate the activity of specific biological receptors.
Drug discovery - Historical perspective
Drug Discovery began as an extension of chemistry about a
century ago. In 1865, Kekule formulate the theory of aromatic organic
molecules. Paul Ehlrich applied the selective affinity of dyes for biological
tissues to postulate the existence of Chemoreceptors. This led to birth of
Chemotherapy - a kind of drug treatment. Pharmacology developed a s a separate
stream because of the efforts of Oswald Schmiedeberg at the university of
pharmacology between 1871 and 1918. Penicillin was discovered by Alexander
Fleming in 1929. The characterization of Carboanhydrase in 1933 was followed by
the discovery of Sulphanilamide.
Drug - Definition
A drug is a molecule that interacts with a target biological
molecule in the body and trough such interaction triggers a physiological
effect.
Chemical compound as Drug
A chemical compound to qualify as a drug should have the
following characteristics:
It should beSafeEffectiveStable (both chemically and
metabolically)Deliverable (should be absorbed and should reach the site of
action)Available (by isolation or by synthesis)Novel (patentable)Areas
influencing Drug DiscoveryThere are several approaches to discover new drugs.
They vary from Molecular biology to Combinatorial Chemistry.Some of the
approaches are as follows:-
Molecular biology has profound
influence in Drug Discovery. It applies the concept of genetic information to
biochemical and chemical pathways. The protein drugs such as Recombinant
proteins and Monoclonal antibodies are called as "Biotech Drugs."
Molecular biology can also help us to understand disease processes at molecular
or genetic level and to determine optimal molecular targets for drug
intervention.
High -Throughput Screening (HTS):
In this method of drug discovery, large numbers of
hypothetical targets are incorporated into in-vitro or cell based assays and
exposed to large number of compounds representing numerous variations on a few
chemical themes.
Pharmacogenetic Technology:
Pharmacogenetics is the study of hereditary basis for
differences in a population. Pharmacogenetics makes extensive use of automated
tools for protein and gene sequencing. The DNA sequences of human genome are
not identical and vary from individual to individual.Pharmacogenetics is hence
based on identification of genetic variations (polymorphisms) that alter drug
concentrations and responses.
Conclusion
The years of scientific study in the field of pharmacology,
molecular biology and biotechnology has led to the process of development of
new drugs.Suganya Raphael is an expertise in the field of life
science. she is also working in the area of Content development, Social media
marketing, blogging and article writing.She has completed her M.Phil in Biotechnology.She is also a wife and mother.
For a complete list, click on Bentham Science Publishers’ Journals Impacting Science
Drug discovery is well-known as the process by
which drugs are revealed or designed. A few times back most drugs came to know
either by identifying the active ingredient from traditional remedies or either
by chance discoveries.
A latest approach explains how disorders,
diseases, illness and infections are controlled by ease at the molecular and
physiological level and to target specific entities based on this apprehensive.
Without being affected by the advances in the technology and understanding of
biological systems, drug discovery is still though a time consuming, costly,
strenuous, and inefficient procedure with low rate of new disease healing
discoveries.
In 2010, the complete research and development
cost of each new molecular entity (NME) was approximately US$1.8 billion. Drug Discovery is finalized by pharmaceutical
companies, with highly research assistance from universities.
The conclusive outcome of drug discovery is a patent on the potential drug. The drug requires very expensive Phases clinical
trials, and most of them are unsuccessful. Companies at small scale have a
critical role, often then selling the rights to large scale
companies that have the resources to run the clinical trials.
Discovering drugs that may be a commercial
success or a public health success involves a complex interaction between
investors; industry, patent laws, regulatory exclusivity, marketing and the
need to balance secrecy with communication.
For a complete list, click on Bentham Science Publishers’ Journals Impacting Science